Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of participants classified by TyG index tertiles
Characteristics | Total (n = 1473) | T1 (n = 491) | T2 (n = 491) | T3 (n = 491) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 75.1 ± 12.4 | 78.5 ± 11.7 | 75.5 ± 12.2 | 71.1 ± 12.1 | < 0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.006 | ||||
Male | 777 (52.7) | 234 (47.7) | 259 (52.7) | 284 (57.8) | |
Female | 696 (47.3) | 257 (52.3) | 232 (47.3) | 207 (42.2) | |
Race, n (%) | 0.079 | ||||
White | 831 (56.4) | 295 (60.1) | 276 (56.2) | 260 (53) | |
Others | 642 (43.6) | 196 (39.9) | 215 (43.8) | 231 (47) | |
Weight, kg | 84.1 ± 27.3 | 78.0 ± 23.2 | 81.7 ± 24.5 | 92.5 ± 31.3 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 30.5 ± 9.5 | 27.9 ± 8.5 | 29.4 ± 8.2 | 32.9 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1177 (79.9) | 394 (80.2) | 395 (80.4) | 388 (79) | 0.834 |
Diabetes, n(%) | 477 (32.4) | 82 (16.7) | 137 (27.9) | 258 (52.5) | < 0.001 |
MI, n (%) | 385 (26.1) | 91 (18.5) | 137 (27.9) | 157 (32) | < 0.001 |
CHF, n(%) | 623 (42.3) | 206 (42) | 206 (42) | 211 (43) | 0.933 |
CPD, n(%) | 311 (21.1) | 100 (20.4) | 100 (20.4) | 111 (22.6) | 0.611 |
CVD, n(%) | 876 (59.5) | 341 (69.5) | 309 (62.9) | 226 (46) | < 0.001 |
Paraplegia, n(%) | 531 (36.0) | 213 (43.4) | 182 (37.1) | 136 (27.7) | < 0.001 |
Renal disease, n(%) | 330 (22.4) | 96 (19.6) | 97 (19.8) | 137 (27.9) | 0.002 |
Malignant cancer, n(%) | 133 ( 9.0) | 34 (6.9) | 53 (10.8) | 46 (9.4) | 0.101 |
Sepsis, n(%) | 714 (48.5) | 182 (37.1) | 227 (46.2) | 305 (62.1) | < 0.001 |
AKI 2 day, n(%) | 1031 (70.0) | 315 (64.2) | 331 (67.4) | 385 (78.4) | < 0.001 |
RRT use, n(%) | 82 ( 5.6) | 11 (2.2) | 24 (4.9) | 47 (9.6) | < 0.001 |
Vasoactive drug, n(%) | 327 (22.2) | 66 (13.4) | 101 (20.6) | 160 (32.6) | < 0.001 |
Ventilator use, n(%) | 470 (31.9) | 96 (19.6) | 144 (29.3) | 230 (46.8) | < 0.001 |
Insulin, n(%) | 1033 (70.1) | 315 (64.2) | 333 (67.8) | 385 (78.4) | < 0.001 |
Beta blockers, n(%) | 996 (67.6) | 359 (73.1) | 344 (70.1) | 293 (59.7) | 0.003 |
Statins, n(%) | 109 ( 7.4) | 40 (8.1) | 29 (5.9) | 40 (8.1) | 0.302 |
Amiodarone, n(%) | 214 (14.5) | 54 (11.0) | 77 (15.7) | 83 (16.9) | 0.021 |
Digitalis, n(%) | 96 ( 6.5) | 22 (4.5) | 44 (9.0) | 30 (6.1) | 0.016 |
OASIS | 36.6 ± 9.5 | 34.4 ± 8.5 | 35.8 ± 9.3 | 39.4 ± 9.9 | < 0.001 |
SAPS II | 40.0 ± 13.9 | 37.1 ± 11.7 | 38.7 ± 12.8 | 44.3 ± 15.8 | < 0.001 |
HR, bpm | 84.2 ± 17.7 | 82.2 ± 16.9 | 84.5 ± 18.4 | 85.8 ± 17.6 | 0.004 |
MAP, mmHg | 84.4 ± 12.0 | 85.7 ± 12.2 | 84.8 ± 11.7 | 82.9 ± 12.0 | 0.001 |
RR, bpm | 20.1 ± 3.7 | 19.4 ± 3.1 | 20.1 ± 3.6 | 21.0 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
SpO2, % | 96.6 ± 2.1 | 96.5 ± 1.7 | 96.7 ± 2.1 | 96.6 ± 2.5 | 0.562 |
INR | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 0.693 |
Sodium, mmol/L | 137.4 ± 5.1 | 137.7 ± 5.0 | 137.9 ± 4.7 | 136.7 ± 5.4 | 0.001 |
Potassium, mmol/L | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Calcium, mmol/L | 8.4 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 0.8 | 8.1 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
Chloride, mmol/L | 101.6 ± 5.7 | 102.0 ± 5.4 | 102.0 ± 5.4 | 100.8 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 |
Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 21.4 ± 4.6 | 22.3 ± 4.1 | 21.5 ± 4.4 | 20.4 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 |
Anion gap, mmol/L | 16.4 ± 4.6 | 15.3 ± 3.9 | 16.3 ± 4.3 | 17.6 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.3) | < 0.001 |
WBC, 109/L | 11.5 (8.6, 15.5) | 9.8 (7.7, 12.9) | 11.6 (8.8, 15.1) | 13.6 (10.0, 18.4) | < 0.001 |
Platelets, 109/L | 186.0 (145.0, 241.0) | 183.0 (144.0, 236.0) | 195.0 (152.0, 250.0) | 184.5 (138.0, 239.0) | 0.038 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 11.2 ± 2.3 | 11.3 ± 2.1 | 11.3 ± 2.3 | 10.9 ± 2.4 | 0.016 |
TG, mg/dL | 98.0 (73.0, 143.0) | 70.0 (58.0, 83.0) | 101.0 (83.0, 120.0) | 172.0 (127.0, 242.0) | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 131.0 (106.0, 170.0) | 107.0 (94.0, 125.5) | 131.0 (110.0, 156.5) | 179.0 (136.0, 241.0) | < 0.001 |
TyG index | 8.9 ± 0.7 | 8.2 ± 0.2 | 8.8 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
30-day mortality, n (%) | 395 (26.8) | 109 (22.2) | 130 (26.5) | 156 (31.8) | 0.003 |
90-day mortality, n (%) | 491 (33.3) | 141 (28.7) | 164 (33.4) | 186 (37.9) | 0.010 |
365-day mortality, n (%) | 605 (41.1) | 174 (35.4) | 205 (41.8) | 226 (46) | 0.003 |
Length of ICU stay, day | 3.6 (2.0, 7.0) | 3.1 (1.9, 5.4) | 3.6 (1.9, 7.0) | 4.5 (2.3, 9.5) | < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay, day | 8.6 (4.8, 15.9) | 7.6 (4.7, 13.0) | 8.1 (4.6, 15.1) | 10.5 (5.3, 19.8) | < 0.001 |
Ventilation-free days at 28 days, day | 27.6 (0.0, 28.0) | 28.0 (23.4, 28.0) | 27.8 (0.0, 28.0) | 25.1 (0.0, 28.0) | < 0.001 |
Vasopressor-free days at 28 days, day | 28.0 (0.0, 28.0) | 28.0 (25.5, 28.0) | 28.0 (0.0, 28.0) | 27.7 (0.0, 28.0) | < 0.001 |
ICU-free days at 28 days, day | 22.6 (0.0, 25.7) | 24.1 (9.7, 26.0) | 22.5 (0.0, 25.9) | 18.8 (0.0, 25.0) | < 0.001 |