Fig. 2

Effects of adipose tissue-derived EVs on placental cells. Effect of adipose tissue-derived EVs on placental (A) glucose uptake and (B) fatty acid uptake by 2-NBDG and BODIPY staining (n = 5–12 patients/condition). Glucose and fatty acid accumulation measured as relative fluorescence unit (rfu). The release of (C) CXCL8, (D) IL-6, (E) CXCL1, (F) CCL2, (G) CCL4, and (H) CCL5 measured using ELISA (n = 13 patients/condition). All assays were performed after 24 h of treatment with adipose tissue-derived EV. Repeated measure one-way ANOVA was performed with Bonferroni test. Data presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005, ****p < 0.001