Fig. 5

The PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway Left Ventricular Biopsies from Patients with HFpEF, with (+ DM) and without Concomitant Diabetes (-DM). A Schematic representation of the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; mTORC1: mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; PIP2: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate; STK11: serine/threonine kinase 11. B Expression of PI3K over GAPDH. C Phosphorylation of AKT over GAPDH. D Expression of AKT over GAPDH. E Ratio of phosphorylated over total AKT. F STK11 mRNA level. G Phosphorylation of AMPK over GAPDH. H Expression of AMPK over GAPDH. I. Ratio of phosphorylated over total AMPK. J. AMPK mRNA level. K Phosphorylation of mTOR over GAPDH. L. Expression of mTOR over GAPDH. M Ratio of phosphorylated over total mTOR. N mTOR mRNA level. Data are represented as box and whisker plots (median, 25th to 75th percentiles, minimum, and maximum (n = 7–10 samples/group). P-values are derived from an unpaired t-test; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01