Fig. 1

Signaling Pathways of Inflammation in Left Ventricular Biopsies from Patients with HFpEF, with (+ DM) and without Concomitant Diabetes (-DM). A Schematic representation of intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways. HMGB1: high mobility group box protein 1; ICAM1: intercellular adhesion molecule; IL-6: interleukin 6; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3: NOS-like receptor protein 3; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNFα: tumour necrosis factor α; VCAM1: vascular cell adhesion protein. B HMGB1 levels. C. TLR2 levels. D TLR4 levels. E RAGE levels. F. NF-κB expression over GAPDH. G NLRP3 levels. H NLRP3 expression over GPADH. I TNFα levels. J TNFα expression over GAPDH. K VCAM1 levels. L ICAM1 levels. Data are represented as box and whisker plots (median, 25th to 75th percentiles, minimum, and maximum (n = 6–10 samples/group). P-values are derived from an unpaired t-test; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001