Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort according to MACE
Variables | Overall (N = 8693) | Non-MACE (n = 5640) | MACE (n = 3053) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Age(years) | 70.59 ± 10.6 | 69.6 ± 10.93 | 72.41 ± 9.68 | < 0.001 |
 Male, n (%) | 5045 (58.04%) | 3190 (56.56%) | 1855 (60.76%) | < 0.001 |
 BMI(kg/m2) | 24.38 ± 3.6 | 24.42 ± 3.56 | 24.31 ± 3.66 | 0.153 |
 SBP(mmHg) | 137.83 ± 23.45 | 137.68 ± 22.98 | 138.13 ± 24.29 | 0.4 |
 DBP(mmHg) | 75.3 ± 13.28 | 75.78 ± 13.26 | 74.4 ± 13.27 | < 0.001 |
 Current smoker, n (%) | 2735 (31.55%) | 1778 (31.59%) | 957 (31.48%) | 0.915 |
 MAGGIC score | 18 (13,22) | 17 (13,21) | 20 (15,24) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hyperlipidemia | 3911 (44.99%) | 2642 (46.84%) | 1269 (41.57%) | < 0.001 |
 Diabetes | 4040 (46.47%) | 2549 (45.2%) | 1491 (48.84%) | 0.001 |
 Hypertension | 6060 (69.71%) | 3850 (68.26%) | 2210 (72.39%) | < 0.001 |
 Coronary artery disease | 4609 (53.02%) | 2857 (50.66%) | 1752 (57.39%) | < 0.001 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 2580 (29.68%) | 1473 (26.12%) | 1107 (36.26%) | < 0.001 |
 CKD | 2299 (26.45%) | 1252 (22.2%) | 1047 (34.29%) | < 0.001 |
Medications, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ACEI/ARB/ARNI | 5842(67.2%) | 3963(70.27%) | 1879(61.54%) | < 0.001 |
 Beta-blocker | 5742 (68.1%) | 3977(70.52%) | 1943 (63.63%) | < 0.001 |
 MRA | 3999(46%) | 2946 (52.23%) | 1053(34.49%) | < 0.001 |
 SGLT2i | 606 (6.97%) | 379 (6.72%) | 227 (7.44%) | 0.211 |
 Loop diuretics | 4000 (46.01%) | 2215 (39.27%) | 1785 (58.47%) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.52 ± 1.27 | 4.52 ± 1.29 | 4.52 ± 1.25 | 0.892 |
 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.61 ± 0.96 | 2.62 ± 0.97 | 2.6 ± 0.95 | 0.555 |
 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.09 ± 0.29 | 1.09 ± 0.29 | 1.1 ± 0.29 | 0.015 |
 Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.56 ± 1.05 | 1.48 ± 1 | 1.61 ± 1.08 | < 0.001 |
 N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 850 (313,2050.5) | 721 (286,1617.5) | 1245 (428.25,3361.75) | < 0.001 |
 Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 7.61 ± 4.04 | 7.58 ± 4.02 | 7.66 ± 4.08 | 0.393 |
 High-sensitivity cardiac troponin,µg/L | 0.03 (0.01,0.62) | 0.02 (0.01,0.52) | 0.04 (0.01,0.77) | 0.884 |
 Glycated haemoglobin,% | 5.80 (5.30, 6.80) | 5.70 (5.30, 6.60) | 5.90 (5.40, 7.00) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiography | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 LVEF,% | 64.03 ± 7.91 | 64.7 ± 7.35 | 62.79 ± 8.72 | < 0.001 |
 LVESD, mm | 31.66 ± 5.52 | 31.28 ± 5.11 | 32.36 ± 6.15 | < 0.001 |
 LVEDD, mm | 49.18 ± 6.2 | 48.96 ± 5.91 | 49.58 ± 6.68 | < 0.001 |
 Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, mmHg | 33.55 ± 10.58 | 32.69 ± 9.92 | 35.17 ± 11.52 | < 0.001 |
 Left atrial diameter, mm | 44.55 ± 6.87 | 43.89 ± 6.55 | 45.79 ± 7.28 | < 0.001 |
 IVSTd, mm | 11.03 ± 2.33 | 10.92 ± 2.26 | 11.25 ± 2.45 | < 0.001 |
 LVPWTd, mm | 10.53 ± 1.37 | 10.47 ± 1.37 | 10.64 ± 1.38 | < 0.001 |
 LVMI, g/m2 | 121.44 ± 33.31 | 118.99 ± 31.67 | 126.02 ± 35.74 | < 0.001 |
 RWT | 0.43 ± 0.08 | 0.43 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.08 | 0.140 |
 LAVI, ml/m2 | 35.97 ± 9.79 | 35.01 ± 9.15 | 37.75 ± 10.66 | < 0.001 |
 Mean E/e’ | 13.82 ± 4.97 | 13.69 ± 4.82 | 14.16 ± 5.34 | < 0.001 |
IR indexes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 TyG index | 8.72 (8.31, 9.21) | 8.61 (8.23, 9.06) | 8.94 (8.46, 9.48) | < 0.001 |
 TyG-BMI | 212.93 (187.95, 239.61) | 211.06 (186.44, 235.58) | 217.08 (191.09, 246.23) | < 0.001 |
 AIP | 0.48 (0.30, 0.67) | 0.45 (0.28, 0.63) | 0.54 (0.35, 0.74) | < 0.001 |
 METS-IR | 38.78 (33.83, 44.08) | 38.07 (33.38, 43.08) | 40.28 (34.94, 46.06) | < 0.001 |