Table 1 Clinical features according to the presence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (variant allele fraction ≥ 2.0%) in non-T2DM and T2DM cohorts

Age (years)

58.9 ± 12.7

64.2 ± 12.2

 < 0.001*

59.0 ± 12.7

67.4 ± 11.1

 < 0.001*

61.5 ± 11.0

65.3 ± 12.2

61.5 ± 11.1

67.1 ± 12.1

Male

129 (16.2)

24 (18.2)

0.563

140 (16.3)

13 (18.8)

0.578

94 (23.5)

21 (28.8)

101 (23.9)

14 (28)

Heart rate(beats/min)

76.2 ± 24.2

75.7 ± 15.7

0.818

76.1 ± 23.6

76.6 ± 18.2

0.847

77.6 ± 15.3

79.3 ± 17.0

77.9 ± 15.2

78.3 ± 18.5

SBP (mmHg)

123.9 ± 19.6

126.0 ± 21.9

0.267

124.2 ± 19.6

124.9 ± 23.5

0.762

126.1 ± 18.9

132.0 ± 19.9

126.3 ± 18.9

132.4 ± 20.7

DBP(mmHg)

78.5 ± 13.7

79.2 ± 13.6

0.603

78.6 ± 13.7

78.8 ± 13.7

0.908

78.6 ± 12.6

80.7 ± 13.0

78.7 ± 12.6

81.1 ± 12.9

EF at admission

54.1 ± 7.6

53.7 ± 6.9

0.591

54.1 ± 7.5

53.1 ± 7.3

0.259

53.0 ± 7.6

52.6 ± 8.2

52.9 ± 7.6

53.0 ± 8.4

Hypertension[%(n)]

490 (61.4)

77 (58.3)

0.503

529 (61.4)

38 (55.1)

0.297

278 (69.5)

55 (75.3)

296 (70)

37 (74)

Hyperlipidemia[%(n)]

704 (88.2)

117 (88.6)

0.891

764 (88.7)

57 (82.6)

0.128

372 (93)

70 (95.9)

394 (93.1)

48 (96)

Smoking[%(n)]

584 (73.5)

96 (74.4)

0.819

631 (73.8)

49 (71)

0.613

277 (69.6)

45 (62.5)

294 (69.8)

28 (57.1)

CKD[%(n)]

48 (6)

10 (7.6)

0.495

54 (6.3)

4 (5.8)

1.000

32 (8)

5 (6.8)

34 (8)

3 (6)

periphery atherosclerosis[%(n)]

36 (4.5)

8 (6.1)

0.439

40 (4.7)

4 (5.8)

0.561

26 (6.5)

3 (4.1)

28 (6.6)

1 (2)

History of MI [%(n)]

124 (15.5)

19 (14.4)

0.736

133 (15.4)

10 (14.5)

0.833

80 (20)

18 (24.7)

85 (20.1)

13 (26)

History of PCI [%(n)]

127 (15.9)

20 (15.2)

0.824

136 (15.8)

11 (15.9)

0.974

89 (22.2)

12 (16.4)

90 (21.3)

11 (22)

History of CABG [%(n)]

11 (1.4)

2 (1.5)

0.706

11 (1.3)

2 (2.9)

0.250

11 (2.8)

4 (5.5)

11 (2.6)

4 (8)

FABP4 (ng/mL)

7.6 ± 6.9

8.3 ± 7.3

0.244

8.9 ± 8.0

0.15

2.077

8.5 ± 7.6

7.8 ± 8.0

8.4 ± 7.4

8.4 ± 9.2

PCSK9 (ng/mL)

68.1 ± 82.3

77.9 ± 87.7

0.223

64.8 ± 60.9

0.633

0.228

67.3 ± 71.3

77.0 ± 117.9

66.4 ± 70.3

89.1 ± 138.7

RVD (ng/mL)

245.0 ± 324.7

227.3 ± 335.6

0.574

250.8 ± 312.0

0.829

0.047*

257.5 ± 272.0

225.1 ± 259.5

257.5 ± 276.9

209.5 ± 200.4

HDL-C (mg/dl)

1.1 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.3

0.881

1.1 ± 0.3

0.487

0.483

1.0 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.2

LDL-C (mg/dl)

2.9 ± 4.9

2.7 ± 0.9

0.685

2.7 ± 0.8

0.843

0.039*

2.6 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 0.8

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.6 ± 1.0

1.6 ± 1.1

0.842

1.6 ± 1.0

0.786

0.074

1.9 ± 1.4

1.8 ± 1.1

1.9 ± 1.4

1.8 ± 1.2

TyG index

8.9 ± 0.6

8.9 ± 0.7

0.983

8.9 ± 0.7

0.704

0.144

9.5 ± 0.7

9.5 ± 0.7

9.5 ± 0.7

9.4 ± 0.7

TC (mmol/L)

4.4 ± 2.1

4.4 ± 1.0

0.924

4.4 ± 1.0

0.966

0.002*

4.3 ± 1.1

4.1 ± 1.0

4.2 ± 1.1

4.1 ± 0.9

LPA (g/L)

263.0 ± 269.1

239.7 ± 244.0

0.355

267.4 ± 282.2

0.806

0.061

275.6 ± 290.8

236.6 ± 224.0

273.9 ± 287.7

233.4 ± 223.5

TC/HDL-C

4.4 ± 4.8

4.2 ± 1.2

0.695

4.2 ± 1.1

0.863

0.030*

4.2 ± 1.2

4.2 ± 1.2

4.3 ± 1.2

4.1 ± 1.1

LDL-C/HDL-C

2.8 ± 4.9

2.6 ± 1.0

0.593

2.6 ± 0.9

0.78

0.078

2.6 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.0

2.5 ± 0.9

PTX3 (ng/mL)

9.0 ± 13.1

11.5 ± 31.8

0.148

8.8 ± 6.1

0.782

0.076

10.2 ± 12.7

9.4 ± 8.9

10.1 ± 12.4

10.0 ± 10.4

LXA4 (ng/mL)

6.4 ± 5.3

7.5 ± 5.5

0.032*

7.6 ± 5.0

0.092

2.842

6.7 ± 5.7

7.3 ± 5.0

6.7 ± 5.7

7.3 ± 4.6

LL37 (ng/mL)

24.2 ± 14.1

25.4 ± 14.0

0.411

26.3 ± 13.2

0.246

1.346

23.2 ± 15.2

22.9 ± 13.7

23.3 ± 15.1

22.2 ± 13.7

hs-CRP (mg/L)

6.7 ± 10.6

6.3 ± 4.4

0.669

6.0 ± 4.3

0.611

0.260

6.7 ± 4.6

7.6 ± 4.8

6.7 ± 4.7

7.4 ± 4.4

Creatinine (mmol/L)

88.8 ± 39.4

85.1 ± 27.6

0.306

86.5 ± 24.6

0.69

0.159

90.3 ± 33.5

90.0 ± 30.3

90.4 ± 33.1

89.3 ± 32.3

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

7.1 ± 2.5

7.3 ± 2.8

0.375

7.7 ± 3.5

0.035

4.462

11.0 ± 4.4

11.3 ± 4.8

11.0 ± 4.4

10.8 ± 4.7

cTnI at baseline level (mmol/L)

6.2 ± 15.3

7.5 ± 16.7

0.393

8.8 ± 18.9

0.183

1.772

7.5 ± 15.1

6.0 ± 16.0

7.5 ± 15.1

5.3 ± 15.9

cTnI at peak level (mmol/L)

24.5 ± 27.4

24.3 ± 26.4

0.958

25.8 ± 29.1

0.673

0.178

26.0 ± 28.2

25.8 ± 30.2

25.8 ± 28.2

27.6 ± 31.4

NT-proBNP at baseline level (mmol/L)

822.7 ± 1974.2

979.5 ± 1566.3

0.387

1132.2 ± 1749.5

0.2

1.641

1320.0 ± 3182.9

1514.6 ± 3310.8

1349.4 ± 3207.8

1355.6 ± 3167.5

NT-proBNP at peak level (mmol/L)

2669.5 ± 4850.8

3393.4 ± 6139.1

0.129

4237.0 ± 7781.7

0.013

6.199

3299.6 ± 5766.1

4244.6 ± 6812.0

3334.5 ± 5823.1

4384.1 ± 6856.2

Aspirin[%(n)]

752 (95.6)

123 (94.6)

0.636

810 (95.4)

65 (95.6)

1

377 (95.4)

68 (94.4)

400 (95.7)

45 (91.8)

Statin[%(n)]

749 (95.2)

123 (94.6)

0.786

808 (95.2)

64 (94.1)

0.569

382 (96.7)

70 (97.2)

404 (96.7)

48 (98)

Clopidogrel[%(n)]

371 (47.1)

76 (58.5)

0.017*

401 (47.2)

46 (67.6)

0.001*

216 (54.7)

42 (58.3)

226 (54.1)

32 (65.3)

Ticagrelor[%(n)]

402 (51.1)

53 (40.8)

0.029

433 (51)

22 (32.4)

0.003*

175 (44.3)

31 (43.1)

187 (44.7)

19 (38.8)

Beta-Blockers[%(n)]

669 (85)

110 (84.6)

0.908

723 (85.2)

56 (82.4)

0.533

346 (87.6)

62 (86.1)

364 (87.1)

44 (89.8)

proton pump inhibitor[%(n)]

390 (49.6)

63 (49.2)

0.944

419 (49.5)

34 (50)

0.933

206 (52.3)

41 (56.9)

222 (53.2)

25 (51)

Anticoagulants[%(n)]

24 (3)

0 (0)

0.038

24 (2.8)

0 (0)

0.249

10 (2.5)

3 (4.2)

10 (2.4)

3 (6.1)

TIMI score

3.4 ± 2.9

3.8 ± 2.1

0.149

3.4 ± 2.8

4.3 ± 2.3

0.008*

3.7 ± 2.0

3.9 ± 2.3

3.7 ± 2.0

4.1 ± 2.4

Diameter of coronary lesion (mm²)

2.9 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 0.8

0.309

2.9 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 0.8

0.314

2.8 ± 1.8

2.7 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.7

2.7 ± 1.3

Length of coronary lesion (mm)

25.5 ± 15.4

28.6 ± 17.6

0.049*

25.9 ± 15.8

26.2 ± 16.2

0.901

29.0 ± 16.5

23.7 ± 10.9

28.6 ± 16.3

25.0 ± 11.0

All caused mortality

63 (7.9)

14 (10.6)

0.708

66 (7.7)

11 (15.9)

0.016*

40 (10)

15 (20.5)

43 (10.2)

12 (24)

Cardiac death

36 (4.5)

5 (3.8)

0.295

37 (4.3)

4 (5.8)

0.537

26 (6.5)

7 (9.6)

28 (6.6)

5 (10)

Recurrence MI

43 (5.4)

10 (7.6)

0.315

50 (5.8)

3 (4.3)

0.791

14 (3.5)

4 (5.5)

15 (3.5)

3 (6)

Recurrence HF

23 (2.9)

3 (2.3)

1.000

23 (2.7)

3 (4.3)

0.434

13 (3.2)

3 (4.1)

14 (3.3)

2 (4)

Recurrence revas

133 (16.7)

22 (16.7)

1.000

144 (16.7)

11 (15.9)

0.867

74 (18.5)

12 (16.4)

80 (18.9)

6 (12)

Ischemic stroke

32 (4)

4 (3)

0.589

34 (3.9)

2 (2.9)

1.000

36 (9)

4 (5.5)

35 (8.3)

5 (10)