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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: Longitudinal association between DNA methylation and type 2 diabetes: findings from the KORA F4/FF4 study

Characteristics

KORA F4

KORA FF4

 

All N = 1696

NGT N = 1113

Prediabetes

N = 338

T2D N = 245

All N = 1805

NGT N = 1262

Prediabetes N = 304

T2D N = 239

Age (years)

61 (14)

58 (14)

65 (14)

67 (10)

58 (18)

54.5 (16)

63 (16)

68 (13.5)

Male (%)

828 (48.8%)

499 (44.8%)

184 (54.4%)

145 (59.2%)

868 (48.1%)

554 (43.9%)

172 (56.6%)

142 (59.4%)

BMI (kg/m2)

27.5 (5.8)

26.2(5.2)

29.3 (5.7)

30.7(6.7)

27.0 (6.2)

26.0 (5.4)

29.2 (5.2)

30.4 (7.2)

Smoking

Never smoker

710 (41.9%)

460 (41.3%)

156 (46.2%)

94 (38.4%)

746 (41.3%)

522 (41.4%)

118 (38.8%)

106 (44.4%)

Former smoker

737 (43.5%)

462 (41.5%)

156 (46.2%)

119 (48.6%)

766 (42.4%)

517 (41.0%)

138 (45.4%)

111 (46.4%)

Current smoker

247 (14.6%)

189 (17.0%)

26 (7.7%)

32 (13.1%)

293 (16.2%)

223 (17.7%)

48 (15.8%)

22 (9.2%)

Hypertension (%)

772 (45.5%)

377 (33.9%)

198 (58.6%)

197 (80.4%)

646 (35.8%)

317 (25.1%)

159 (52.3%)

170 (71.1%)

Fasting glucose

5.4 (0.9)

5.2 (0.6)

5.8 (0.9)

6.9 (1.9)

5.4 (0.9)

5.2 (0.6)

6.1 (0.8)

7.2 (2.0)

HOMA-IR

2.2 (1.8)

1.9 (1.3)

3.1 (2.5)

5.1 (4.0)

2.1 (1.9)

1.8 (1.4)

3.5 (2.2)

4.8 (4.2)

HOMA-beta

102.0 (65.7)

101.0 (62.7)

110.0 (79.0)

93.5 (97.4)

94.8 (65.5)

93.1 (61.0)

110.0 (87.7)

102. (70.3)

HbA1c

37.0 (6.0)

36.0 (5.0)

38.5 (5.0)

46.0 (12.0)

36.0 (6.0)

34.0 (5.0)

38.0 (5.0)

45.0 (10.8)

HDL-cholesterol

1.4 (0.5)

1.5 (0.5)

1.3 (0.5)

1.2 (0.4)

1.6 (0.7)

1.7 (0.7)

1.5 (0.6)

1.4 (0.5)

Triglycerides

1.3 (0.9)

1.1 (0.8)

1.5 (1.0)

1.7 (1.2)

1.2 (0.8)

1.1 (0.7)

1.5 (1.0)

1.6 (1.2)

Medication

128.0 (7.6%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

128 (52.2%)

133 (7.4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

133 (55.6%)

Parental history

Yes

380 (22.4%)

239 (21.5%)

71 (21.0%)

70 (28.6%)

501 (27.8%)

314 (24.9%)

94 (30.9%)

93 (38.9%)

No

773 (45.6%)

582 (52.3%)

135 (39.9%)

56 (22.9%)

1131 (62.7%)

844 (66.9%)

177 (58.2%)

110 (46.0%)

Unknown

254 (15.0%)

159 (14.3%)

53 (15.7%)

42 (17.1%)

173 (9.6%)

104 (8.2%)

33 (10.9%)

36 (15.1%)

  1. Data are median (IQR) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. The unit for both fasting glucose and HbA1c is mmol/mol. The unit for both HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides is mmol/l. Medication means the glucose-lowering medication
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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