Fig. 3

Volcano plots illustrating the results for glycemic traits. The x axis indicates the effect size, and the y-axis represents the −log10 (p-value). The Bonferroni threshold of p=1.34×10−7 is marked by a red dashed line, while the Benjamini–Hochberg (FDR) threshold (p_FDR < 0.05) is indicated by a blue dashed line. (A) Volcano plot for FPG. (B) Volcano plot for HbA1c. (C) Volcano plot for HOMA-B. (D) Volcano plot for HOMA-IR.