Fig. 1

Establishment of heart failure model. M-mode representative images (A) depicting cardiac performance followed by the Fractional shortening (%) (B), ejection fraction (%) (C), end-diastolic volume (µL) (D), end-systolic volume (µL) (E) measurements in db/+ db/db mice before and after MI. mRNA expression of Anp (F–G) and Bnp (H–I) gene in db/+ and db/db mice hearts in sham and 5 weeks post-MI. Data is represented as Mean ± SEM, with 18s rRNA used as a housekeeping control for normalization. Two-tailed unpaired student t-test was used to compare the statistical significance among groups. *p < 0.05